Today in France History (Part 9)
Sub-Topics: French Polynesia - New Caledonia
Historical Events
Results 801 - 900 of 2,112
1799-10-06 - Battle at Castricum: French & Bataafs army beats English/Russian army
1799-10-22 - Russia leaves second anti-French Coalition
1799-11-09 - Napoleon becomes dictator (1st consul) of France
1799-12-10 - Metric system established in France
1800-01-08 - Austrians defeat French in 2nd battle of Novi
1800-01-08 - Wild Boy of Aveyron discovered in southern France
1800-03-20 - French army defeats Turks at Helipolis Turkey, & advance to Cairo
1800-05-15 - Pope Pius VII calls on French bishops to return to Gospel principles
1800-09-05 - Malta surrenders to British after they blockade French troops
1800-10-01 - Spain cedes Louisiana to France in a secret treaty
1801-02-09 - France & Austrian sign Peace of Luneville
1801-03-08 - British drive French forces from Abukir, Egypt
1801-07-06 - Battle at Algeciras: French fleet beats British
1801-07-11 - French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons discovers his 1st comet
1801-07-12 - Battle at Algeciras: British fleet beats French & Spanish
1801-10-01 - England & France signs Preliminary of London
1802-03-25 - France, Netherlands, Spain & England signs Peace of Amiens
1802-03-27 - Treaty of Amiens-French Revolutionary War ends
1802-04-08 - French Protestant church becomes state-supported & -controlled
1802-05-19 - French Order of Legion d'Honneur forms
1802-06-04 - Grieving over the death of his wife, Marie Clotilde of France, King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.
1802-06-15 - Toussaint L'Ouverture leaves Haiti, prisoner on French ship Héros
1802-08-25 - Toussaint L'Ouverture imprisoned in Fort de Joux, Jura, France
1802-09-11 - France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
1803-02-04 - William Dunlap, adapts French melodrama "Voice of Nature"
1803-04-01 - French law rules the use of intention
1803-04-26 - Meteorites fall in L'Aigle, France
1803-05-17 - John Hawkins & Richard French patent the Reaping Machine
1803-05-18 - Britain declares war on France after Napoleon Bonaparte continues interfering in Italy & Switzerland
1803-07-05 - The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).
1803-11-18 - Battle of Vertieres, in which Haitians defeat French
1803-11-30 - Spain cedes her claims to Louisiana Territory to France
1803-12-20 - Louisiana Purchase formally transferred from France to US for $27M
1804-01-01 - Haiti gains independence from France (National Day)
1804-03-21 - French civil Code of Napoleon adopted
1804-05-16 - Senate & Tribune declare Napolean leader of France
1804-05-18 - Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed Emperor of France
1804-10-02 - England mobilizes to protect against French invasion
1804-12-02 - Napoleon Bonaparte crowned emperor of France in Paris by Pope Pius VII
1805-10-14 - Battle of Elchingen, France defeats Austria
1805-10-21 - Battle of Trafalgar, Adm Nelson defeats French & Spanish fleet & dies
1805-11-11 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Dürenstein - 8000 French troops attempted to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
1805-11-16 - Battle at Schongrabern: Russian army stop French
1805-12-26 - France & Austria signs Peace of Pressburg
1805-12-31 - End of French Republican calendar; France returns to Gregorianism
1806-01-12 - French evacuate Vienna
1806-10-08 - British forces lay siege to French port of Boulogne using Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve
1806-10-09 - Prussia declares war on France.
1806-10-14 - Battle of Auerstadt-French beat Prussians
1806-10-27 - The French Army enters in Berlin.
1807-02-09 - French Sanhedrin convened by Napoleon
1807-06-14 - Emperor Napoleon I's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
1807-07-07 - France, Russia & Prussia sign Peace of Tilsit
1807-12-17 - France issues the Milan Decree, which confirms the Continental System.
1807-12-22 - Congress passes Embargo Act, to force peace between Britain & France
1808-03-31 - French created Kingdom of Westphalia orders Jews to adopt family names
1808-04-09 - Mayor Wolters offers French king Louis Napoleon townhall as a palace
1808-04-17 - Bayonne Decree by Napoleon I of France orders seizure of US ships
1808-05-02 - Uprising against French occupation begins in Madrid
1808-05-30 - Napoleon annexes Tuscany & gave it seats in French Senate
1808-06-05 - -6] Battle at Wagram: French army beats Austrians
1808-07-15 - French marshal Joachim Murat becomes king of Naples
1808-07-20 - Napoleon decrees all French Jews adopt family names
1808-08-21 - Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.
1809-01-05 - Treaty of Dardanelles concluded between Britain & France
1809-01-12 - British take Cayenne (French Guiana) from French (until 1814)
1809-01-16 - Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.
1809-02-08 - Franz I of Austria declares war on France
1809-02-13 - French take Saragossa, Spain after a long siege
1809-03-28 - Peninsular War: France defeats Spain in the Battle of Medelin.
1809-05-17 - Papal States annexed by France
1809-05-24 - Dartmoor Prison opens to house French prisoners of war
1809-07-27 - Battle at Talavera: British/Spanish army vs French army
1809-12-16 - Napoleon Bonaparte divorces Empress Josephine by French Senate
1810-01-10 - French church annuls marriage of Napoleon I & Josephine
1810-02-01 - Seville, Spain surrenders to French
1810-07-04 - French troops occupy Amsterdam
1810-07-09 - Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire.
1810-07-10 - Emperor Napoleon corpse leaves Netherlands for France
1810-08-09 - Napoleon annexes Westphalia as part of the First French Empire.
1810-08-21 - Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
1811-03-01 - French Civil Code of Criminal law accepted by Netherlands Mamelukes in Cairo's Citadel
1811-05-16 - Peninsular War-Allies defeat French at Albuera
1811-10-06 - French emperor Napoleon visits Utrecht
1812-04-05 - Brits storm Badajoz fortress, held by French & Spanish
1812-07-22 - Duke of Wellington defeats French at Battle of Salamanca, Spain
1812-09-15 - French army under Napoleon reaches Kremlin, Moscow
1812-12-12 - French invasion of Russia comes to an end.
1813-01-22 - Americans capture Frenchtown, Canada
1813-08-23 - Battle of Grossbeeren - Prussians under Von Bulow repulse French
1813-08-30 - Battle of Kulm: French forces defeated by Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
1814-03-07 - Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne.
1814-04-11 - 1st abdication of France by Napoleon; he is exiled to Elba
1814-05-04 - Bourbon reign restored in France
1814-05-17 - Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian.
1814-05-30 - Napoleonic Wars: War of the Sixth Coalition - the Treaty of Paris (1814) is signed returning French borders to their 1792 extent.
1814-11-01 - Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France, in the Napoleonic Wars.
1815-02-26 - Napoleon & 1,200 leave Elba to start 100-day re-conquest of France
1815-06-01 - Napoleon swears fidelity to the Constitution of France.
1815-06-16 - Battle at Ligny: French army under Napoleon beats Prussia
Famous Birthdays
Results 801 - 900 of 2,645
1804-10-03 - Allan Kardec, French founder of Spiritism (d. 1869)
1804-12-23 - Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French critic/writer (Informal Talk)
1805-02-01 - Auguste Blanqui, France, revolutionary (workers' leader)
1805-07-29 - Alexis de Tocqueville, France, statesman/writer (Democracy in America)
1805-11-19 - Ferdinand de Lesseps, France, diplomat (built Suez Canal)
1805-12-06 - Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, French magician (d. 1861)
1805-12-31 - Marie-C-S de Flavigny Agoult, [Daniel Stern], French author (Knife)
1806-09-05 - Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (d. 1865)
1806-12-09 - Jean-Olivier Chénier, French Canadian physician and Patriote (d. 1838)
1807-10-04 - Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, French Canadian politician, prime minister of the Province of Canada (d. 1864)
1808-02-20 - Daumier, Marseilles France, artist
1808-02-26 - Honoré Daumier, French painter, illustrator, and sculptor (d. 1879)
1808-03-24 - Maria Malibran, Spanish-French singer (d. 1836)
1808-04-20 - Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon III), emperor of France (1852-71)
1808-11-02 - Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, French writer (d. 1889)
1808-12-04 - Ernest Panckoucke, French publisher (Horatius)
1809-01-04 - Louis Braille, Coupvray France, developer (reading system for blind)
1809-01-15 - Pierre Joseph Proudhon, France, politician (libertarian socialist)
1809-03-24 - Joseph Liouville, France, discover of transcendental numbers
1809-03-27 - Georges Eugene Haussmann, Paris France, architect
1809-06-15 - François-Xavier Garneau, French-Canadian poet and historian (d. 1866)
1809-06-27 - Francois de Canrobert, French marshal/parliament member
1810-01-03 - Antoine T d'Abbadie, French explorer (Ethiopia) [or Jul 24]
1810-02-22 - Frederic F Chopin, Polish/French pianist/composer [OS]
1810-07-21 - Henri V Regnault, French physicist/chemist
1810-10-04 - Alexander Walewski, French earl/foreign minister/Napoleon I's son
1811-08-05 - Ambroise Thomas, French opera composer (d. 1896)
1811-08-31 - Theophile Gautier, Tarbas France, writer/poet (Albertus)
1811-10-25 - Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
1811-12-02 - Jean-Charles Chapais, French Canadian politician, Father of the Canadian Confederation (d. 1885)
1812-01-13 - Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d. 1883)
1812-04-02 - Louise-Marie of France, queen of Belgium (d. 1850)
1812-05-23 - Henri A Esquiros, French poet/writer (Les Vierges Folles)
1812-06-12 - Edmond Hébert, French geologist (d. 1890)
1812-11-09 - Paul Abadie, French master builder (renovated Notre Dame)
1813-01-04 - Louis L Bonaparte, English/French linguist/senator
1813-04-23 - Frédéric Ozanam, French scholar (Society of Saint Vincent de Paul) (d. 1853)
1813-08-15 - Jules Grévy, 2nd President of the French Third Republic (d. 1891)
1813-11-30 - Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet (d. 1890)
1814-01-27 - Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d. 1879)
1814-01-30 - Jean-Baptist Capronnier, French/Belgian glass painter
1814-02-26 - Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville, French geologist (d. 1876)
1814-04-19 - Louis Amédée Achard, French novelist (d. 1875)
1814-06-25 - Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, French geologist (d. 1896)
1814-09-08 - Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d. 1874)
1814-10-25 - Louis CPR van Orleans, French duke of Nemours
1815-01-01 - Charles Renouvier, French philosopher (neocriticism)
1815-01-13 - William Henry French, Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1881
1815-02-21 - Ernest Meissonier, French painter/sculptor
1815-03-28 - Arsène Houssaye, French novelist (d. 1896)
1815-05-05 - Eugene-Marin Labiche, French playwright
1815-05-08 - Jean Delphin Alard, French violinist/composer
1815-07-24 - Antoine T D'Abbadie, French explorer (Ethiopia) [or Jan 3, 1810]
1815-10-13 - Jules Quicherat, French historian/archaeologist
1815-12-21 - Thomas Couture, French painter/author
1815-12-22 - Lucien Petipa, French dancer/choreographer/ballet leader
1816-01-15 - Marie LaFarge, French murderer (d. 1852)
1816-04-22 - Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general
1816-07-11 - French A Durlet, Belgian sculptor/architect
1816-07-14 - Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (d. 1882)
1816-08-21 - Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, French chemist (d. 1856)
1817-02-03 - Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist (d. 1881)
1817-02-15 - Charles F Daubigny, French restauranteur/painter
1817-10-23 - Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875)
1818-06-03 - Louis Faidherbe, French general (d. 1889)
1818-06-17 - Charles Francois Gounod, Paris France, opera composer (Faust)
1818-08-07 - Henry Charles Litolff, French composer/pianist
1818-11-22 - Samuel Gibbs French, Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1910
1819-03-11 - Marius Petipa, French ballet dancer/choreographer (Don Quiotte)
1819-06-10 - J D Gustave Courbet, French realist painter (Demoiselles the la Seine)
1819-06-20 - Jacques Offenbach, Cologne, French composer (Tales of Hoffmann)
1819-07-02 - Charles-Louis Hanon, French composer (d. 1900)
1819-09-21 - Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France (d. 1864)
1819-09-23 - Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (d. 1896)
1819-10-19 - Joseph C Juglar, French physician/economist (Crises Commercial)
1819-12-22 - Pierre Ossian Bonnet, French mathematician (d. 1892)
1820-03-24 - A. E. Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1891)
1820-04-05 - Nadar, [Félix Tournachon], French painter/cartoonist/author/ballonist
1820-05-27 - Mathilde Bonaparte, French princess and socialite (d. 1904)
1820-05-30 - Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, French Canadian politician (d. 1890)
1820-06-16 - Athanase Coquerel, French Protestant preacher (d. 1875)
1820-09-17 - Émile Augier, French dramatist (d. 1889)
1821-02-11 - Auguste-Édouard Mariette, French Egyptologist (d. 1881)
1821-03-16 - Ernest Feydeau, French author (Georges Feydeau)
1821-04-09 - Charles-Pierre Baudelaire, France, symbolist poet (Flowers of Evil)
1821-06-13 - Albert, duc de Broglie, France, premier (1873-74, 1977)
1821-07-18 - Pauline Garcia-Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (d. 1910)
1821-09-27 - Henri-Frederic Amiel, Swiss/French writer (Grains de Mil)
1821-11-23 - Charles Meryon, British/French etcher
1821-12-12 - Gustave Flaubert, France, novelist (Madame Bovary)
1822-01-12 - Étienne Lenoir, French engineer (d. 1900)
1822-02-08 - Maxime Du Camp, France, writer/traveler (Les Buveurs de Cendres)
1822-03-04 - Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
1822-03-16 - Rosa Bonheur, French landscape painter (Buffalo Bill)
1822-05-20 - Emile Erckmann, [E-Chatrian], French writer (Waterloo)
1822-05-20 - Frederic Passy, French economist/pacifist (Nobel 1901)
1822-09-09 - Napoleon J K P Bonaparte, French prince/member National Convention
1822-12-24 - Charles Hermite, French mathematician (E is Transcendent)
1822-12-27 - Louis Pasteur, Dole France, bacteriologist (pasturization)
1823-01-27 - Edouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo, France, composer (Symphonie Espagnole)
Famous Deaths
Results 801 - 900 of 2,121
1798-08-01 - François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers, French admiral (killed in battle) (b. 1753)
1799-02-04 - Étienne-Louis Boullée, French architect (b. 1728)
1799-02-19 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)
1799-05-31 - Pierre Lemonnier, French astronomer (b. 1715)
1799-08-31 - Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect (b. 1720)
1799-09-07 - Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (b. 1717)
1799-12-18 - Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician (b. 1725)
1799-12-31 - Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and writer (b. 1723)
1800-01-01 - Louis J M Daubenton, France, zoologist, dies at 83
1800-01-09 - Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (b. 1762)
1800-03-29 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (b. 1714)
1800-05-19 - French Bosbeeck, veterinarian/robber, hanged
1800-06-14 - Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French military leader (b. 1768)
1800-06-14 - Jean-Baptiste Kleber, French general (b. 1753)
1801-04-07 - Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer (b. 1724)
1801-08-24 - Jacques-Denis Antoine, French builder (La Monnaie Paris), dies at 68
1801-10-03 - Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur, Marshal of France (b. 1724)
1801-11-28 - Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu, French geologist (b. 1750)
1802-01-14 - Marie Allard, French ballerina, dies at 59
1802-11-16 - André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746)
1803-02-09 - Jean François de Saint-Lambert, French poet (b. 1716)
1803-02-20 - Marie Dumesnil, French actress (b. 1713)
1803-09-16 - Nicolas Baudin, French explorer (b. 1754)
1804-03-30 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (b. 1718)
1804-04-15 - Charles Pichegru, French general (strangled in prison) (b. 1761)
1804-10-02 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French steam vehicle pioneer (b. 1725)
1804-11-02 - Armand-Gaston Camus, French chairman of Council of 500, dies at 64
1805-01-17 - Abraham-Hyacinthe Anquetil du Perron, French interpreter, dies at 73
1805-01-23 - Claude Chappe, French telecommunications pioneer (b. 1763)
1805-03-04 - Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter, dies at 79
1805-06-19 - Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, French painter (b. 1724)
1805-11-08 - Francois-Thomas de Baculard d'Arnaud, French writer, dies at 87
1806-04-13 - Jean-Jacques Bachelier, French painter, dies at about 82
1806-04-22 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
1806-06-23 - Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French naturalist (b. 1723)
1806-08-22 - Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French artist (b. 1732)
1807-01-05 - Michel Adanson, French biologist (Plant classes), dies at 79
1807-04-04 - Joseph Jerome Le Francais de Lalande, French astronomer, dies
1807-05-10 - Comte de Rochambeau, French soldier (b. 1725)
1807-08-16 - Claude C Saunier, French furniture maker, dies at about 72
1807-11-02 - Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (b. 1730)
1807-11-23 - Jean-François Rewbell, French politician (b. 1747)
1808-05-05 - Pierre Jean George Cabanis, French physiologist (b. 1757)
1808-09-06 - Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian (b. 1723)
1809-03-27 - Joseph M Vien, French (court)painter/etcher, dies at 92
1809-05-08 - Augustin Pajou, French sculptor (Bachante), dies at 78
1809-05-31 - Jean Lannes, French marshal (b. 1769)
1809-07-03 - Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright (b. 1746)
1809-07-06 - Antoine Charles Louis Lasalle, French cavalry general (b. 1775)
1809-12-16 - Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist (b. 1755)
1810-01-28 - Andrew Hofer, Tyrolian rebel against French & Bavarians, shot dead
1810-02-20 - Andreas Hofer, milt leader (fought Napoleon's France), executed at 42
1810-05-21 - Charles GLAAT chevalier d'Eon de Beaumont, French spy, dies at 81
1810-06-26 - Joseph Michel Montgolfier, French inventor (b. 1740)
1810-08-12 - Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (b. 1725)
1810-10-19 - Jean-Georges Noverre, French choreographer (ballet d'action), dies
1811-01-10 - Marie-Joseph Chénier, French poet (b. 1764)
1811-08-20 - Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French explorer (b. 1729)
1812-02-24 - Etienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (b. 1775)
1813-01-06 - Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (b. 1764)
1813-05-01 - Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal (killed in combat) (b. 1768)
1813-05-23 - Geraud Duroc, French general (b. 1772)
1813-06-06 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect
1813-07-29 - Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (b. 1771)
1813-09-02 - Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1763)
1813-10-19 - Josef Poniatovski, Polish gen/marshal of France, dies in battle
1814-01-21 - Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, French writer and botanist (b. 1737)
1814-04-01 - Jozef de Ferraris, French/Austrian general/cartographer, dies at 87
1814-05-29 - Josephine, empress of France (1804-14), dies
1814-06-15 - Charles Palissot de Montenoy, French writer/politician, dies at 84
1815-06-01 - Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (b. 1853)
1815-06-18 - Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (b. 1766)
1815-08-02 - Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, French marshal (b. 1763)
1815-09-28 - Nicolas Desmarest, French geographer (Volcanos), dies at 90
1815-10-13 - Joachim Murat, marshal of France/King of Naples (1808-15), executed
1815-12-07 - Michel Ney, French marshal (Waterloo), murdered at 46
1816-06-12 - Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (b. 1757)
1816-07-03 - Dorothea Jordan, French actress/mistress (William IV), dies at 65
1817-04-04 - André Masséna, Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling and Marshal of France (b. 1758)
1817-08-07 - Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French industrialist (b. 1739)
1817-10-18 - Etienne-Nicolas Méhul, French composer (b. 1763)
1818-07-28 - Gaspard Monge, French mathematician (b. 1746)
1821-02-23 - Marie-Anne Collot, French sculptor, dies
1821-05-05 - Napoleon I Bonaparte, emperor France (1799-1815), dies in St Helena
1821-05-19 - Camille Jordan, French politician (b. 1771)
1822-05-17 - Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, French-Russian statesman (b. 1766)
1822-11-06 - Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (b. 1748)
1823-03-14 - Charles François Dumouriez, French general (b. 1739)
1823-04-07 - Jacques Charles, French chemist (b. 1746)
1823-06-01 - Louis Nicholas Davout, French fieldmarshal, dies at 53
1823-08-02 - Lazare Carnot, French general, politician, and mathematician (b. 1753)
1823-09-17 - Abraham L Breguet, French clock maker, dies at 76
1824-01-26 - Théodore Géricault, French painter (b. 1791)
1824-05-04 - Joseph Joubert, French essayist and moralist (b. 1754)
1824-06-16 - Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (b. 1739)
1824-06-21 - Étienne Aignan, French writer (b. 1773)
1824-09-12 - Louis AG baron de Bacler d'Albe, French cartographer, dies at 62
1824-09-16 - Louis XVIII SX, earl of Province/king of France (1814-24), dies
1825-04-10 - Paul-Louis Courier, (Mere), French writer/interpreter, dies at 53
1825-05-19 - Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, French political philosopher (b. 1760)
